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Abstract <p>Using climate data from the USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as well as atmospheric reanalysis of precipitation and evaporation from the European Weather Forecast Center ERA5, trends and regional features of changes in salinity and salt content in the basin of the Indian Ocean were determined from 2005 to 2023. At the near-surface level 5 m in most of the water area, linear trends in the average annual salinity of both signs ranging from –0.44 PSU/10 years to 0.20 PSU/10 years were expressed, and on average, significant trends in decreasing salinity with a value of 0.01 PSU/10 years prevailed. With depth, the pattern of horizontal distribution of salinity trends changes significantly, which is reflected in the characteristics of the salt content of the upper, intermediate, and deep layers. In the whole region, the salt content of the upper 1000 m layer increased by ~9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> over 10 years, i.e., by approximately 0.03%. The study analyzes the statistical significance of trends and possible cause-and-effect relationships of changes in the salinity field with large-scale and regional processes in the ocean and atmosphere under conditions of an intensified hydrological cycle.</p>

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Trends of Changes in Salinity in the Indian Ocean and Adjacent Areas of the Southern Ocean in 2005–2023 in Conditions of Strengthening the Hydrological Cycle

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • I. D. Rostov,
  • E. V. Dmitrieva

摘要

Abstract

Using climate data from the USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as well as atmospheric reanalysis of precipitation and evaporation from the European Weather Forecast Center ERA5, trends and regional features of changes in salinity and salt content in the basin of the Indian Ocean were determined from 2005 to 2023. At the near-surface level 5 m in most of the water area, linear trends in the average annual salinity of both signs ranging from –0.44 PSU/10 years to 0.20 PSU/10 years were expressed, and on average, significant trends in decreasing salinity with a value of 0.01 PSU/10 years prevailed. With depth, the pattern of horizontal distribution of salinity trends changes significantly, which is reflected in the characteristics of the salt content of the upper, intermediate, and deep layers. In the whole region, the salt content of the upper 1000 m layer increased by ~9 kg/m2 over 10 years, i.e., by approximately 0.03%. The study analyzes the statistical significance of trends and possible cause-and-effect relationships of changes in the salinity field with large-scale and regional processes in the ocean and atmosphere under conditions of an intensified hydrological cycle.