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Abstract <p>In this paper, we use MERRA-2 satellite data and ERA5 reanalysis data to examine the vertical structure of the Antarctic polar vortex during the sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) of 1988, 2002, and 2019. Significant polar vortex displacements were observed in 1988 and 2019, while splitting occurred in 2002. Differences in the Antarctic polar vortex vertical dynamics during SSWs are demonstrated, registering from either displacement (1988 and 2019) or vortex splitting (2002). Weakening, displacement, and subsequent collapse of polar vortex in 1988 and 2019 were initially observed in the upper stratosphere and then gradually spread into the middle and lower stratosphere over the course of month. Thus, the SSW in the lower stratosphere was preceded by a significant shift in the vortex in the upper stratosphere a month before the event. In turn, in 2002, before the split, the polar vortex was quite strong and stable at all stratospheric levels. Splitting was observed simultaneously in the middle and upper stratosphere, after which the vortex in the upper stratosphere collapsed, but it persisted for another month in the lower and middle stratosphere. In all cases, a decrease in wind speed along the vortex boundary, an increase in temperature within the vortex, the destruction of polar stratospheric cloud (PSCs) particles, and a decrease in the area of the ozone hole were observed starting in late August. The earliest ozone hole reductions occurred on October 30, 1988; November 9, 2002; and November 6, 2019, respectively.</p>

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Vertical Structure of the Antarctic Polar Vortex during Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events in 1988, 2002, and 2019, as Determined by Satellite Observations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • V. V. Zuev,
  • E. S. Savelieva,
  • A. V. Pavlinsky

摘要

Abstract

In this paper, we use MERRA-2 satellite data and ERA5 reanalysis data to examine the vertical structure of the Antarctic polar vortex during the sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) of 1988, 2002, and 2019. Significant polar vortex displacements were observed in 1988 and 2019, while splitting occurred in 2002. Differences in the Antarctic polar vortex vertical dynamics during SSWs are demonstrated, registering from either displacement (1988 and 2019) or vortex splitting (2002). Weakening, displacement, and subsequent collapse of polar vortex in 1988 and 2019 were initially observed in the upper stratosphere and then gradually spread into the middle and lower stratosphere over the course of month. Thus, the SSW in the lower stratosphere was preceded by a significant shift in the vortex in the upper stratosphere a month before the event. In turn, in 2002, before the split, the polar vortex was quite strong and stable at all stratospheric levels. Splitting was observed simultaneously in the middle and upper stratosphere, after which the vortex in the upper stratosphere collapsed, but it persisted for another month in the lower and middle stratosphere. In all cases, a decrease in wind speed along the vortex boundary, an increase in temperature within the vortex, the destruction of polar stratospheric cloud (PSCs) particles, and a decrease in the area of the ozone hole were observed starting in late August. The earliest ozone hole reductions occurred on October 30, 1988; November 9, 2002; and November 6, 2019, respectively.