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Abstract <p>The methodology for monitoring of cloud characteristics on the territory of Russia based on observational data from meteorological stations is considered. The methodology is developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information–World Data Center (RIHMI–WDC). The cloud monitoring information base consists of historical information generated from the archive data of the RIHMI-WDC State Data Fund and operational information received via communication channels in the form of SINOP telegrams from meteorological stations. The information base also includes standard characteristics of total and lower cloudiness that are calculated for the base period of 1991–2020 recommended by WMO for climate research, and the time series of characteristics averaged over the entire territory of Russia and over the territory of quasi-homogeneous climatic regions. The developed authoring software tools for assimilating the operational data flow and calculating the statistical characteristics of cloudiness, with allowance for the specificity of archival data storage in the RIHMI–WDC State Data Fund, allow one to promptly estimate the abnormal state of cloud cover and to reveal trends of the change in cloudiness characteristics on seasonal and regional scales. The results of the cloud monitoring technology based on ground-based meteorological observations are presented as an analysis of the state of cloud cover in Russia in 2021. The anomaly of the state of cloud cover in 2021 in Russia is analyzed using the following characteristics: average amount of total and lower cloud and the number of cloudy and clear days for total and lower cloudiness. It has been found that the trend of the increase in the average amount of lower cloud prevails in all seasons except summer. The average amount of total clouds does not change in all seasons in most of the country. The trends in the change in the number of cloudy days over total cloudiness largely agree with the change in the average amount of total cloudiness. The number of cloudy days over lower cloudiness, in contrast to the average cloud amount, changes much less, since the average cloud amount, although growing, does not always exceed eight points on a scale from one to ten.</p>

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Cloud Characteristics Monitoring on the Russian Territory Based on Ground Observations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • N. N. Korshunova,
  • S. G. Davletshin

摘要

Abstract

The methodology for monitoring of cloud characteristics on the territory of Russia based on observational data from meteorological stations is considered. The methodology is developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information–World Data Center (RIHMI–WDC). The cloud monitoring information base consists of historical information generated from the archive data of the RIHMI-WDC State Data Fund and operational information received via communication channels in the form of SINOP telegrams from meteorological stations. The information base also includes standard characteristics of total and lower cloudiness that are calculated for the base period of 1991–2020 recommended by WMO for climate research, and the time series of characteristics averaged over the entire territory of Russia and over the territory of quasi-homogeneous climatic regions. The developed authoring software tools for assimilating the operational data flow and calculating the statistical characteristics of cloudiness, with allowance for the specificity of archival data storage in the RIHMI–WDC State Data Fund, allow one to promptly estimate the abnormal state of cloud cover and to reveal trends of the change in cloudiness characteristics on seasonal and regional scales. The results of the cloud monitoring technology based on ground-based meteorological observations are presented as an analysis of the state of cloud cover in Russia in 2021. The anomaly of the state of cloud cover in 2021 in Russia is analyzed using the following characteristics: average amount of total and lower cloud and the number of cloudy and clear days for total and lower cloudiness. It has been found that the trend of the increase in the average amount of lower cloud prevails in all seasons except summer. The average amount of total clouds does not change in all seasons in most of the country. The trends in the change in the number of cloudy days over total cloudiness largely agree with the change in the average amount of total cloudiness. The number of cloudy days over lower cloudiness, in contrast to the average cloud amount, changes much less, since the average cloud amount, although growing, does not always exceed eight points on a scale from one to ten.