Variability of Black Carbon, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the Near-Surface Aerosol in Moscow Megalopolis

The results of continuous observations of the mass concentration of black carbon (BC) and PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 aerosols in the near-surface layer of the atmosphere in the center of Moscow metropolis in 2022 are considered. The results are interpreted applying meteorological data, backward trajectories of air mass transport to Moscow, and MERRA-2 reanalysis data on the spatial distribution of dust and BC in near-surface air of the center of European Russia. The days (less than 9%) of an extreme increase in BC and PM₁₀ concentrations due to atmospheric transport of fire aerosols or dust to Moscow from other regions are highlighted. The variability of a typical aerosol (outside of such episodes) in the megalopolis has been studied at different time scales—from daily to monthly and seasonal. The main contribution of dust and carbon-containing aerosols to megalopolis atmosphere is made by local anthropogenic sources (transport, thermal energy, industrial enterprises, and construction facilities). A high correlation has been established between the concentrations of BC and PM_2.5 particles in daily and seasonal changes. Data on BC, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ air pollution in large cities around the world show that Moscow has no more aerosol pollution than the largest cities in Europe and North America.