<p>Regional resilience is important for addressing the complex challenges faced by regions in the current era of globalization, climate change, and rapid technological transformation. The study of regional resilience provides critical insights into sustainable development and long-term prosperity. This study presents a framework for evaluating the spatiotemporal evolution of regional resilience by integrating multidimensional indicators and spatial analysis techniques. The resilience in regions of China from 2000 to 2022 was measured, and temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were explored via econometric models. The results revealed significant variation in resilience across provinces, with both temporal and spatial heterogeneity observed. According to the evaluation from 31 provinces, resilience did not develop in isolation on a unified path. Beijing, Guangdong, and Shanghai exhibit high levels of resilience and are located in economically developed areas. Changes in resilience to varying degrees were observed at the regional level, with Central South China, Northwest China, and Central China in the first tier, North China and Northeast China in the second tier, and Southwest China in the third tier. Most provinces with high resilience and high concentration are located in the southeastern coastal region, whereas most low-low-agglomeration cities are located in the northwestern region. The spatiotemporal evolution of provincial resilience reflects the complementarity and differences in development between regions. This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and increasing resilience in different regions. The insights provided by this study offer practical guidance for policymakers and planners seeking to promote sustainable development.</p>