<p>Understanding the multifunctionality of rural land and its synergistic relationship with urban development is key to promoting rural revitalization and urban–rural integration. We aim to investigate the relationship and pattern of rural multifunction development and new city development, while previous studies have focused on evaluating rural multifunction development in rural areas. We construct the index system of multifunctional rural development to evaluate the characteristics and pattern of Shanghai’s multifunctional rural development, and explore the path of functional coordination between rural construction and new city development, based on multi-source spatial and socioeconomic data. The results show that spatial heterogeneity exists in the multifunctional rural development in Shanghai. The functions of industrial development, residential life, leisure and entertainment are prominent in the middle and near suburbs, while the agricultural production and cultural tourism functions of suburban rural areas are significant in the outskirts. The multifunctional rural development can be divided into three types: urban–rural balanced development type, urban-driven development type, and rural endogenous development type. Our study provides policy references for promoting urban–rural integration development by coordinating rural construction and new city development and promoting place-based multifunctional development.</p>