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<p>In 2004, An-Nahar Lebanese gazette released long-hidden letters between Gibran Kahlil Gibran and Antonius Bashir dating back to 1926. The letters disclosed that Gibran -as the author of <i>The Prophet</i>- commissioned, reviewed and endorsed Bashir’s Arabic translation (Medici and Kalem, 2019). The release of the letters necessitates shifting criticism of this version from being a translation solely produced by Bashir into a semi self-translation (SST), co-translated by the author. Since the disclosure of the letters, no research has been done to revisit Bashir’s translation from an angle of being an SST; a gap this research paper tends to bridge. The present study hypothesizes that Gibran intended for this SST to be stylistically, aesthetically and culturally adapted to the Arabic readers as a form of re-authoring in Arabic. The research is conducted in light of Reiss’s theory of text typology and function (Reiss, 1989, 2000) which advocates the adaption of literary expressive texts to fulfill their intended function. In light of Reiss’s theory, the taxonomy developed by Rad and Marj (2019) within the realm of domestication vs. foreignization is employed. The taxonomy classifies strategies of optional addition or explicitation and omission for stylistic preference, aesthetic influence or cultural adaptation as a reflection of adaptation or domestication. Thus, the study adopts a framework-based qualitative approach in the assessment. Results reveal that the SST was generally meant to be domesticated through practices of optional addition and omission at the lexical-semantic level. However, the cultural-religious elements remained foreignized in the target text as they were translated literally without any practice of domesticating strategies.</p>

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Re-examining Antony Bashir’s translation of The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran as a semi self-translation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Ogareet Khoury,
  • Sa’ida Al-sayyed,
  • Sirine Awwad,
  • Tulien Abunasser

摘要

In 2004, An-Nahar Lebanese gazette released long-hidden letters between Gibran Kahlil Gibran and Antonius Bashir dating back to 1926. The letters disclosed that Gibran -as the author of The Prophet- commissioned, reviewed and endorsed Bashir’s Arabic translation (Medici and Kalem, 2019). The release of the letters necessitates shifting criticism of this version from being a translation solely produced by Bashir into a semi self-translation (SST), co-translated by the author. Since the disclosure of the letters, no research has been done to revisit Bashir’s translation from an angle of being an SST; a gap this research paper tends to bridge. The present study hypothesizes that Gibran intended for this SST to be stylistically, aesthetically and culturally adapted to the Arabic readers as a form of re-authoring in Arabic. The research is conducted in light of Reiss’s theory of text typology and function (Reiss, 1989, 2000) which advocates the adaption of literary expressive texts to fulfill their intended function. In light of Reiss’s theory, the taxonomy developed by Rad and Marj (2019) within the realm of domestication vs. foreignization is employed. The taxonomy classifies strategies of optional addition or explicitation and omission for stylistic preference, aesthetic influence or cultural adaptation as a reflection of adaptation or domestication. Thus, the study adopts a framework-based qualitative approach in the assessment. Results reveal that the SST was generally meant to be domesticated through practices of optional addition and omission at the lexical-semantic level. However, the cultural-religious elements remained foreignized in the target text as they were translated literally without any practice of domesticating strategies.