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<p>The purpose of this study is to assess the patterns of convergence in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the manufacturing sector across Colombia’s departments from 1992 to 2022. To calculate TFP, we employ the Levinsohn-Petrin (LP) method and the Generalized Method of Moments approach, as outlined by Wooldridge (WDG), within a KLHEMIS framework. After estimating input elasticities, TFP is computed as the difference between value added and the contributions of factors. Thereafter, we evaluate the TFP’s β-convergence hypothesis controlling for spatial effects. Results indicate that non-qualified workers, human capital, electricity consumption, R&amp;D investment, and advertising have a significant impact on manufacturing value added. Both the LP and WDG models suggest decreasing returns to scale in production. The convergence analysis reveals significant alignment in interdepartmental productivity, supporting absolute β-convergence. The estimated speed of convergence is approximately 1.1%, and the corresponding half-life indicates that productivity disparities halve in approximately 63 years. These results provide a novel insight into Colombia’s productivity growth dynamics and a new perspective for regional and industrial policy recommendations.</p>

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Convergence in Colombia’s Total Factor Productivity: a spatial analysis 1992–2022

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Diego Andrés Cardoso López,
  • Jesús Antonio López Cabrera,
  • René Cabral

摘要

The purpose of this study is to assess the patterns of convergence in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the manufacturing sector across Colombia’s departments from 1992 to 2022. To calculate TFP, we employ the Levinsohn-Petrin (LP) method and the Generalized Method of Moments approach, as outlined by Wooldridge (WDG), within a KLHEMIS framework. After estimating input elasticities, TFP is computed as the difference between value added and the contributions of factors. Thereafter, we evaluate the TFP’s β-convergence hypothesis controlling for spatial effects. Results indicate that non-qualified workers, human capital, electricity consumption, R&D investment, and advertising have a significant impact on manufacturing value added. Both the LP and WDG models suggest decreasing returns to scale in production. The convergence analysis reveals significant alignment in interdepartmental productivity, supporting absolute β-convergence. The estimated speed of convergence is approximately 1.1%, and the corresponding half-life indicates that productivity disparities halve in approximately 63 years. These results provide a novel insight into Colombia’s productivity growth dynamics and a new perspective for regional and industrial policy recommendations.