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<p>This study examines the association between early-life relationships with parents and depression in mid-late adulthood in China, using data from the 2014 and 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (<i>N</i> = 12,604). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Two-stage Least-squares (2SLS) Instrumental Variable (IV) methods were applied. Results suggest that poorer early-life relationships with both father (coefficient = 0.4044, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and mother (coefficient = 0.3763, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with higher mid-late CES-D scores. IV analysis suggests that OLS regression results may have underestimated the strength of this association. Furthermore, relative deprivation moderates the association between early-life relationship with father and mid-late CES-D scores (coefficient= 0.1969, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), but not relationship with mother (coefficient = 0.0338, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). These findings underscore the lasting effects of early relationships with parents on mid-late mental health, with relative deprivation moderating the association between early-life relationship with father and depression in mid-to-late life.</p>

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Association between early-life relationships with parents and depression in mid-to-late life: the moderating role of relative deprivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Jian Sun,
  • Xuanru Lyu

摘要

This study examines the association between early-life relationships with parents and depression in mid-late adulthood in China, using data from the 2014 and 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (N = 12,604). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Two-stage Least-squares (2SLS) Instrumental Variable (IV) methods were applied. Results suggest that poorer early-life relationships with both father (coefficient = 0.4044, p < 0.001) and mother (coefficient = 0.3763, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher mid-late CES-D scores. IV analysis suggests that OLS regression results may have underestimated the strength of this association. Furthermore, relative deprivation moderates the association between early-life relationship with father and mid-late CES-D scores (coefficient= 0.1969, p < 0.05), but not relationship with mother (coefficient = 0.0338, p > 0.05). These findings underscore the lasting effects of early relationships with parents on mid-late mental health, with relative deprivation moderating the association between early-life relationship with father and depression in mid-to-late life.