<p>This research constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for enterprise resilience, and explores the mechanism of ESG performance acting on enterprise resilience. With the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies as the research sample, this paper adopts a multi-dimensional perspective to measure enterprise resilience, which optimizes the existing research methods on this topic. On this basis, the research confirms that good ESG performance can significantly enhance enterprise resilience. For manufacturing enterprises, the environmental dimension and social dimension of ESG exert a more prominent positive effect on their resilience level. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of ESG performance on enterprise resilience is more pronounced in environmentally sensitive industries and scenarios with high environmental uncertainty. The research conclusions provide empirical support for the high-quality development of enterprises, and confirm that ESG practice is an effective path for enterprises to achieve sustainable development goals, and also helps to promote the realization of common prosperity in the whole society.</p>