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<p>Against the backdrop of Vietnam’s urbanization, industrialization, climate change, and land scarcity, land-use planning emerges as critical for sustainable development. This study employs an integrated theoretical framework, combining the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework with Foucault’s discourse-power theory, to investigate the drivers and obstacles in implementing land-use planning laws. Analyzing legal documents, policies, secondary data, and case studies (e.g., Thu Thiem New Urban Area, Duong Noi New Urban Area, and Long Thanh Airport), the research reveals a significant policy-practice gap, empirically evidenced by a land use target implementation rate of only 15.91% as of 2024. Through the IAD-Foucault lens, findings show that this gap is sustained by “growth-first” discursive practices that legitimize power asymmetry, marginalizing community voices despite formal legal improvements. While the legal framework has evolved, its enforcement remains largely formalistic, often prioritizing administrative expediency over substantive compliance. Linking findings to specific SDG indicators 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 16.10.2, and 16.6.1, the study underscores the necessity for synchronous legal amendments, enhanced community participation, and strengthened oversight. Comparative insights from China, Indonesia, and the Philippines highlight shared challenges in addressing power imbalances and transparency deficits. In-depth interviews (<i>n</i> = 12) with residents, officials, and experts enrich the analysis, revealing practical nuances often missed in formal assessments. This study advocates for reforms that empower communities and ensure equitable land governance in pursuit of sustainable development goals.</p>

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From policy to practice: the influence of the legal framework on land use planning on sustainable development in Vietnam

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Nguyen Thanh Luan

摘要

Against the backdrop of Vietnam’s urbanization, industrialization, climate change, and land scarcity, land-use planning emerges as critical for sustainable development. This study employs an integrated theoretical framework, combining the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework with Foucault’s discourse-power theory, to investigate the drivers and obstacles in implementing land-use planning laws. Analyzing legal documents, policies, secondary data, and case studies (e.g., Thu Thiem New Urban Area, Duong Noi New Urban Area, and Long Thanh Airport), the research reveals a significant policy-practice gap, empirically evidenced by a land use target implementation rate of only 15.91% as of 2024. Through the IAD-Foucault lens, findings show that this gap is sustained by “growth-first” discursive practices that legitimize power asymmetry, marginalizing community voices despite formal legal improvements. While the legal framework has evolved, its enforcement remains largely formalistic, often prioritizing administrative expediency over substantive compliance. Linking findings to specific SDG indicators 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 16.10.2, and 16.6.1, the study underscores the necessity for synchronous legal amendments, enhanced community participation, and strengthened oversight. Comparative insights from China, Indonesia, and the Philippines highlight shared challenges in addressing power imbalances and transparency deficits. In-depth interviews (n = 12) with residents, officials, and experts enrich the analysis, revealing practical nuances often missed in formal assessments. This study advocates for reforms that empower communities and ensure equitable land governance in pursuit of sustainable development goals.