<p>Widespread bidirectional intergenerational support profoundly impacts farmers’ production and livelihoods in rural eastern Henan, China. Based on a sample survey in Zhecheng County, Henan Province, China, this paper employed multivariate ordered probit model regression analysis to study the impact of bidirectional intergenerational support on the RII generation farmers’ willingness to participate in withdrawal from rural homesteads (WRH). We found that the financial support from offspring significantly enhanced the RII generation farmers’ WRH willingness, but the caregiving support from offspring had a negative impact. The financial support provided by the RII generation farmers significantly inhibited their WRH willingness, while the grandchild care support promoted their WRH willingness. Bidirectional emotional support significantly inhibited the RII generation farmers’ WRH willingness. Furthermore, farmer differentiation enhanced the positive impact of financial support from offspring on the RII generation farmers’ WRH willingness, and strengthened the negative impact of financial support provided by the RII generation farmers on their WRH willingness. Our study is the first to consider the influence mechanism of bidirectional intergenerational support on the RII generation farmers’ WRH willingness from a sociological perspective, which offers valuable insights for policymakers in formulating policies on residential land consolidation in other countries or regions.</p>