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<p>Green innovations are vital for addressing climate change because they provide cleaner alternatives to traditional technologies while supporting sustainable economic growth. This study investigates the influence of human development, geopolitical risk, economic complexity, and research and development (R&amp;D) spending on green innovation in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa from 2000 to 2020, addressing a gap that has been largely underexplored in previous literature. Using advanced panel econometric techniques, including the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model, the results show that higher levels of human development, economic complexity, and R&amp;D investment are consistently associated with stronger green innovation outcomes. In contrast, geopolitical risks, such as political instability and trade disruptions significantly hinder innovation by undermining investor confidence and long-term planning. These findings advance the literature by highlighting how structural vulnerabilities specific to emerging economies shape their capacity to transition to low-carbon pathways. For policymakers, the study underscores the need to mitigate geopolitical uncertainty, expand investment in education and R&amp;D, and strengthen cross-border collaboration as concrete strategies to accelerate the shift toward sustainable growth in emerging economies.</p>

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Decoding the influence of geopolitical risks, economic complexity, and R&D in promoting green innovations: a case of BRICS nations

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Mohammad Haseeb,
  • Mohd Shuaib,
  • Fei Fan

摘要

Green innovations are vital for addressing climate change because they provide cleaner alternatives to traditional technologies while supporting sustainable economic growth. This study investigates the influence of human development, geopolitical risk, economic complexity, and research and development (R&D) spending on green innovation in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa from 2000 to 2020, addressing a gap that has been largely underexplored in previous literature. Using advanced panel econometric techniques, including the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model, the results show that higher levels of human development, economic complexity, and R&D investment are consistently associated with stronger green innovation outcomes. In contrast, geopolitical risks, such as political instability and trade disruptions significantly hinder innovation by undermining investor confidence and long-term planning. These findings advance the literature by highlighting how structural vulnerabilities specific to emerging economies shape their capacity to transition to low-carbon pathways. For policymakers, the study underscores the need to mitigate geopolitical uncertainty, expand investment in education and R&D, and strengthen cross-border collaboration as concrete strategies to accelerate the shift toward sustainable growth in emerging economies.