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<p>This study investigates the relationship between nurses’ caring ability and moral awareness within the context of Iraq’s public healthcare system, drawing on theoretical frameworks by Jean Watson and Carol Gilligan for caring ability and James Rest for moral awareness. Utilizing a descriptive correlational design, data were gathered between April 5 and May 15, 2024, from a stratified random sample of 190 nurses (101 females, 89 males) working in Baghdad’s two largest public hospitals. The Ability to Care Scale and the Moral Awareness Scale, both validated in the Iraqi context, were employed to measure the constructs. Statistical analysis revealed that nurses demonstrated generally high levels of both caring ability and moral awareness. Female nurses scored significantly higher than their male counterparts in caring ability (<i>t</i> = 3.439, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), potentially reflecting culturally embedded gender norms and expectations within Iraqi healthcare settings. A moderate positive correlation was observed between caring ability and moral awareness across the total sample (<i>r</i> = 0.504, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), suggesting a meaningful interdependence between the two constructs. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating moral and empathic competencies in nursing education and training, especially in resource-constrained, crisis-affected environments such as Iraq. Tailored interventions that address gender-specific caregiving experiences and moral challenges are essential for strengthening the ethical foundations of care in fragile healthcare systems.</p>

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Exploring the relationship between caring ability and moral awareness among nurses with a gender perspective: implications for psychologists and social workers in healthcare ethics and social practice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Ali Shakir Al-Fatlawi,
  • Yaser Snoubar,
  • Noor Adel Yosef

摘要

This study investigates the relationship between nurses’ caring ability and moral awareness within the context of Iraq’s public healthcare system, drawing on theoretical frameworks by Jean Watson and Carol Gilligan for caring ability and James Rest for moral awareness. Utilizing a descriptive correlational design, data were gathered between April 5 and May 15, 2024, from a stratified random sample of 190 nurses (101 females, 89 males) working in Baghdad’s two largest public hospitals. The Ability to Care Scale and the Moral Awareness Scale, both validated in the Iraqi context, were employed to measure the constructs. Statistical analysis revealed that nurses demonstrated generally high levels of both caring ability and moral awareness. Female nurses scored significantly higher than their male counterparts in caring ability (t = 3.439, p < 0.001), potentially reflecting culturally embedded gender norms and expectations within Iraqi healthcare settings. A moderate positive correlation was observed between caring ability and moral awareness across the total sample (r = 0.504, p < 0.001), suggesting a meaningful interdependence between the two constructs. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating moral and empathic competencies in nursing education and training, especially in resource-constrained, crisis-affected environments such as Iraq. Tailored interventions that address gender-specific caregiving experiences and moral challenges are essential for strengthening the ethical foundations of care in fragile healthcare systems.