<p>Emergency capability plays a key role in maintaining the stability of data center engineering supply chains. Government subsidies encourage cooperation among supply chain enterprises by offering financial support, aiding in the improvement of emergency preparedness. In this study, the government subsidy rate is treated as an exogenous variable, and a differential game model involving resource suppliers and service operators is constructed. By comparing different cooperation modes, the study investigates the dynamic mechanisms for enhancing emergency capabilities. The conclusions of this study are contingent upon the assumptions of the proposed model. The findings indicate that collaborative cooperation is the most effective approach for improving emergency capabilities and benefits, as it facilitates resource and information sharing. Resource suppliers align their strategies with the overall supply chain, while service operators need to carefully time contracts to optimize cooperation and maximize benefits. Furthermore, government subsidies and the cost coefficient of emergency efforts exert a stronger influence on emergency capabilities than the level of emergency data utilization. To strengthen emergency capabilities, priority should be placed on increasing government subsidies and optimizing emergency effort costs, which can alleviate financial burdens on enterprises and enhance their emergency responsiveness.</p>