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<p>This paper identifies guanxism as a distinctive and generative paradigm for international relations theory. Grounded in Confucian ethics and Chinese social thought, <i>guanxi</i> refers to a relational system based on moral obligation, trust, and role-based reciprocity. It has evolved from a domestic social norm into a diplomatic repertoire and theoretical lens. Drawing on key Chinese IR scholars including Qin Yaqing, Chih-yu Shih, and the Shanghai School, the paper shows how <i>guanxi</i> aligns with the relational turn in global IR while challenging core assumptions of mainstream theories such as individualism and legalism. A bibliometric analysis demonstrates the growing presence of <i>guanxi</i> in Anglophone political science and IR scholarship. The paper concludes by outlining the conceptual foundations of a <i>guanxi</i>-informed approach and calls for greater theoretical pluralism that engages non-Western traditions as sources of insight, not just illustration.</p>

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Guanxism and global politics: a rising paradigm in international relations theory

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Matthew Rochat

摘要

This paper identifies guanxism as a distinctive and generative paradigm for international relations theory. Grounded in Confucian ethics and Chinese social thought, guanxi refers to a relational system based on moral obligation, trust, and role-based reciprocity. It has evolved from a domestic social norm into a diplomatic repertoire and theoretical lens. Drawing on key Chinese IR scholars including Qin Yaqing, Chih-yu Shih, and the Shanghai School, the paper shows how guanxi aligns with the relational turn in global IR while challenging core assumptions of mainstream theories such as individualism and legalism. A bibliometric analysis demonstrates the growing presence of guanxi in Anglophone political science and IR scholarship. The paper concludes by outlining the conceptual foundations of a guanxi-informed approach and calls for greater theoretical pluralism that engages non-Western traditions as sources of insight, not just illustration.