Brazilian failures to consolidate a domestic nuclear industry: the role of science and technology policies

This article proposes an alternative domestic-level explanation as to why has Brazil not developed a robust nuclear industry like India if both countries departed from similar diplomatic positions. The existing literature focuses mainly on diplomatic or geopolitical topics to address this puzzle. This research endeavor undertakes an inquiry into the intricacies of the matter through the application of Hymans' hypothesis, which delves into the contextual milieu within which scientists operate. This entails an exploration of how policymakers lend their support to scientific and technological mechanisms, thereby steering them toward the realization of their envisioned objectives. Employing a qualitative research paradigm, the findings of this study pivot upon insights gleaned from semi-structured interviews and primary source materials. The present scholarly article conducts an in-depth examination centered on the realm of Brazilian nuclear policy, with India serving as an illustrative shadow case. Notably, India is emblematic of a nation wherein scientists have aptly navigated the requisite conditions to propel the advancement of the nuclear industry. The discourse contends that the diminished influence of scientists in the policymaking continuum, coupled with the dearth of investments in science, technology, and innovation, stand as pivotal considerations for comprehending the setbacks witnessed within Brazil's pursuit of nuclear autonomy.