From Subordination to Transformation? Multilateral Debt Dynamics and Green Development in Ecuador
摘要
This article examines how multilateral development banks (MDBs) approach energy transitions in Ecuador and affect the potential for development transformation. By applying a critical international political economy lens, it analyses how the use of debt mechanisms leveraged by the World Bank (WB) and Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) are imbedded in asymmetrical global financial and production systems tied to Ecuador’s extractivist development. Given the significant reliance on and influence of MDBs, this article also examines the policy content of WB and IDB green transition programs in Ecuador, exposing their approach in promoting financialization and privatization while simultaneously narrowing the state’s role to actively advance comprehensive green industrial strategies. Without fundamental rethinking by the MDBs, reclaiming policy space for equitable energy transformations likely requires Global South-led coalitions pursuing alternative development architectures and strategic delinking from subordinative financial and production systems of the global political economy.