Towards a Transformative Approach: Rethinking Debt Architecture through TWAIL Lens

This article advances a transformative Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) framework to tackle illegitimate debt in Africa, critiquing the current debt architecture for its neglect of African socio-political realities. It argues for a reformed debt system that prioritizes African agency, allowing debtor nations to pursue debt restructuring under fair, participatory terms. Through integrating human rights and innovative tools like debt audits and arbitration, the framework proposes robust legal mechanisms to dismantle predatory lending practices and odious debt structures. Ultimately, this article envisions a debt regime that centers African interests, promoting genuine sovereignty and sustainable development.