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<p>This analysis focuses on two main topics: What is the current state of Energy Community (EC) regulation in the Member States, in particular concerning cooperation between Distribution System Operator (DSO) and ECs, enabling frameworks for financing, and their barriers? and, the analysis of the Spanish draft decree for ECs is the paper’s original contribution, and is discussed in light of broader European policy frameworks. This is a comparative analysis of secondary sources. The main results found are that, in terms of regulating the cooperation between the DSO and the ECs, more effort is needed. Various barriers were found, such as a lack of innovative technological equipment and solutions that facilitate the exchange of information between them. There is no linear relationship between the number of ECs per capita and the gross domestic product per capita of a country or the number of legal forms that can become an EC. The Spanish draft for the regulation of ECs lacks details in many aspects, such as the role of the DSO. It includes provisions on network capacity for ECs, but the details are insufficient. Our study contributes to the dissemination of information on ECs in European countries, reveals regulatory gaps, and offers guidance for strengthening the EU framework.</p>

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Energy Communities in the European Union: Comparative Analysis of Legislation, Incentives, and Barriers with a Focus on Spain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Emely Cruz-De-Jesús,
  • Ángel Arcos-Vargas,
  • José L. Martínez-Ramos

摘要

This analysis focuses on two main topics: What is the current state of Energy Community (EC) regulation in the Member States, in particular concerning cooperation between Distribution System Operator (DSO) and ECs, enabling frameworks for financing, and their barriers? and, the analysis of the Spanish draft decree for ECs is the paper’s original contribution, and is discussed in light of broader European policy frameworks. This is a comparative analysis of secondary sources. The main results found are that, in terms of regulating the cooperation between the DSO and the ECs, more effort is needed. Various barriers were found, such as a lack of innovative technological equipment and solutions that facilitate the exchange of information between them. There is no linear relationship between the number of ECs per capita and the gross domestic product per capita of a country or the number of legal forms that can become an EC. The Spanish draft for the regulation of ECs lacks details in many aspects, such as the role of the DSO. It includes provisions on network capacity for ECs, but the details are insufficient. Our study contributes to the dissemination of information on ECs in European countries, reveals regulatory gaps, and offers guidance for strengthening the EU framework.