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<p>Urban publicness increasingly unfolds through the interaction between physical space and digital mediation, raising the question of how such hybrid publicness can be empirically assessed. Building on a physical–virtual publicness framework, this study develops a four-dimensional assessment encompassing accessibility, affordance, vitality, and inclusiveness across both realms, applied to Qiaoxi Historical District in Hangzhou using multi-source data. The results reveal differentiated spatial patterns and configurations. Commercial corridors exhibit intensified publicness through reinforcement between physical and virtual dimensions, while residential interiors remain marginalized. Cultural spaces display a polarized pattern, with highly exposed sites forming reinforcement zones and less activated ones remaining marginal. Everyday retail streets exhibit asymmetric patterns of strong physical presence but limited digital visibility, whereas symbolic nodes attract high online attention despite constrained spatial capacity. These findings demonstrate that hybrid publicness emerges as a relational outcome shaped by spatial configuration, digital infrastructures, and mediated practices, highlighting uneven translation between physical presence and digital representation.</p>

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Assessing the publicness of physical–virtual space: Evidence from a historic district

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Cui Liu,
  • Fuyi Lai,
  • Zhiyuan Gu

摘要

Urban publicness increasingly unfolds through the interaction between physical space and digital mediation, raising the question of how such hybrid publicness can be empirically assessed. Building on a physical–virtual publicness framework, this study develops a four-dimensional assessment encompassing accessibility, affordance, vitality, and inclusiveness across both realms, applied to Qiaoxi Historical District in Hangzhou using multi-source data. The results reveal differentiated spatial patterns and configurations. Commercial corridors exhibit intensified publicness through reinforcement between physical and virtual dimensions, while residential interiors remain marginalized. Cultural spaces display a polarized pattern, with highly exposed sites forming reinforcement zones and less activated ones remaining marginal. Everyday retail streets exhibit asymmetric patterns of strong physical presence but limited digital visibility, whereas symbolic nodes attract high online attention despite constrained spatial capacity. These findings demonstrate that hybrid publicness emerges as a relational outcome shaped by spatial configuration, digital infrastructures, and mediated practices, highlighting uneven translation between physical presence and digital representation.