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<p>In a global context of geopolitical volatility and environmental crises, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine compelled Global North governments to prioritise energy security, accelerating the mining of critical minerals. This article investigates how, in Global South extractive economies, elite bargaining over ecological transition policies tends de facto to favour Global North energy needs over national objectives. Applying a political settlements lens to mineral-rich Chile and Ecuador under Presidents Boric and Lasso, we show that elites captured ecological transition reforms in both countries, albeit to different extents, depending on their leverage within national power structures and international supply chains. Confirming our core argument, we find that the interplay between Global North energy agendas and domestic power distribution facilitates a policy shift from ecological to energy transition. This shift was more discernible in Chile, where power is concentrated among mining elites and the economy is heavily dependent on international mineral markets.</p>

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Energy Security and Ecological Transition: A Contribution from Two Critical Mineral-Rich Countries in Latin America

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Elena Ciccozzi,
  • Paúl Cisneros

摘要

In a global context of geopolitical volatility and environmental crises, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine compelled Global North governments to prioritise energy security, accelerating the mining of critical minerals. This article investigates how, in Global South extractive economies, elite bargaining over ecological transition policies tends de facto to favour Global North energy needs over national objectives. Applying a political settlements lens to mineral-rich Chile and Ecuador under Presidents Boric and Lasso, we show that elites captured ecological transition reforms in both countries, albeit to different extents, depending on their leverage within national power structures and international supply chains. Confirming our core argument, we find that the interplay between Global North energy agendas and domestic power distribution facilitates a policy shift from ecological to energy transition. This shift was more discernible in Chile, where power is concentrated among mining elites and the economy is heavily dependent on international mineral markets.