<p>We delineate how the role of neoliberal governing logic and the expanding medical markets in China influence Chinese women’s enthusiasm for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The desire for better socioeconomic future drives young women and parents to take great steps to obtain the HPV vaccine. We analyze parental decisions to support their daughter to obtain the HPV vaccine in relation to China’s modernization and birth planning policies instituted to enhance population quality; demonstrating how these policies shape the over-investment of parental care reflected in the desire for this vaccine. The HPV vaccine is perceived to add surplus value to bodies required to compete in the labor market to secure a successful future. We link desires for this vaccine to China’s public promotion of neoliberal economic ideals of self-discipline and self-development. Acquiring the HPV vaccine is deemed an added measure to maintain one’s health, representing individual desire to develop one’s potentiality and capability toward success.</p>