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<p>Safety perception is a fundamental human need that shapes behavior and psychological well-being, particularly in urban environments and public spaces. However, limited research has examined how gated and non-gated settings influence residents’ safety perception and environmental satisfaction. This study investigates university towns in Fuzhou and Changsha, China, focusing on the relationships among safety perception, public space use, place attachment, and environmental satisfaction. A survey of 645 university students was conducted, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results show that safety perception significantly enhances public space use and place attachment, which in turn improve environmental satisfaction. Public space use and place attachment partially mediate the relationship between safety perception and environmental satisfaction. Furthermore, students in gated campuses reported higher safety perception and environmental satisfaction, while in non-gated campuses the effects of safety perception relied more on public space use and place attachment. This study develops a theoretical framework for understanding how safety perception influences environmental satisfaction and extends the multidimensional evaluation of safety perception. It also provides practical insights for urban planning and policy, highlighting the importance of optimizing public space design and community safety management to enhance residents’ well-being.</p>

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Safety perception across boundaries: comparing gated and open Chinese university towns in pathways to security, satisfaction, and engagement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Wen-Ying Li,
  • Shang-Chia Chiou,
  • Wen-Juan Ma,
  • Bo-Xun Huang

摘要

Safety perception is a fundamental human need that shapes behavior and psychological well-being, particularly in urban environments and public spaces. However, limited research has examined how gated and non-gated settings influence residents’ safety perception and environmental satisfaction. This study investigates university towns in Fuzhou and Changsha, China, focusing on the relationships among safety perception, public space use, place attachment, and environmental satisfaction. A survey of 645 university students was conducted, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results show that safety perception significantly enhances public space use and place attachment, which in turn improve environmental satisfaction. Public space use and place attachment partially mediate the relationship between safety perception and environmental satisfaction. Furthermore, students in gated campuses reported higher safety perception and environmental satisfaction, while in non-gated campuses the effects of safety perception relied more on public space use and place attachment. This study develops a theoretical framework for understanding how safety perception influences environmental satisfaction and extends the multidimensional evaluation of safety perception. It also provides practical insights for urban planning and policy, highlighting the importance of optimizing public space design and community safety management to enhance residents’ well-being.