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<p>Situational crime prevention (SCP) is an evidence-based strategy to reduce crime. However, it is not always clear how practitioners should apply SCP techniques. Differences in application of the same technique can impact program success. One reason for program failure could be indirect, rather than direct applications of SCP. A direct SCP program will maximize all five “COSTS” (<b>C</b>rime specific, <b>O</b>ffender’s perspective, <b>S</b>ituation modification, <b>T</b>ime, and <b>S</b>pace) criteria, which are based on key SCP principles. When a program only maximizes some COSTS criteria, it is using indirect SCP. The COSTS criteria offer specific ways for practitioners to alter programs to be more aligned with SCP principles. This theoretical paper proposes that direct SCP programs are more effective at reducing crime than indirect SCP programs.</p>

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Direct and indirect situational crime prevention: using the COSTS criteria to improve interventions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月1日

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  • Jen-Li Shen,
  • Shannon J. Linning

摘要

Situational crime prevention (SCP) is an evidence-based strategy to reduce crime. However, it is not always clear how practitioners should apply SCP techniques. Differences in application of the same technique can impact program success. One reason for program failure could be indirect, rather than direct applications of SCP. A direct SCP program will maximize all five “COSTS” (Crime specific, Offender’s perspective, Situation modification, Time, and Space) criteria, which are based on key SCP principles. When a program only maximizes some COSTS criteria, it is using indirect SCP. The COSTS criteria offer specific ways for practitioners to alter programs to be more aligned with SCP principles. This theoretical paper proposes that direct SCP programs are more effective at reducing crime than indirect SCP programs.