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<p>Crime-related concerns significantly influence public transportation choices, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. While autonomous vehicles have the potential to alleviate security issues in public transportation, their acceptance remains a critical challenge, especially due to increased crime-related fears. This study aims to fill the gap in understanding the role of crime-related concerns in shaping users’ acceptance of autonomous public transportation modes, such as ride-pooling and public bus services, in Pakistan. In addition, it explores the factors influencing users’ perceptions and their willingness to adopt these modes, providing insights into tailored security measures that can promote acceptance. To achieve the objective, 667 online survey questionnaire responses were collected across Pakistan. Descriptive statistics showed that users perceive higher crime risks and more reluctance to use the autonomous modes of ride-pooling and public bus services compared to conventional ones. Further analysis using random parameters ordered probit models suggested that users’ socio-demographic characteristics, prior experience of whether having witnessed a criminal activity, absence of a driver, security measures, and travel attributes affect their perceived risks of crime likelihood, victimization, and willingness to utilize the autonomous modes of ride-pooling and public bus services.</p>

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Perception toward autonomous ride-pooling services and public buses in Pakistan: perspectives in crime and victimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月1日

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  • Amjad Pervez,
  • Jaeyoung Jay Lee,
  • Ruizhi Mao,
  • Fangrong Chang

摘要

Crime-related concerns significantly influence public transportation choices, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. While autonomous vehicles have the potential to alleviate security issues in public transportation, their acceptance remains a critical challenge, especially due to increased crime-related fears. This study aims to fill the gap in understanding the role of crime-related concerns in shaping users’ acceptance of autonomous public transportation modes, such as ride-pooling and public bus services, in Pakistan. In addition, it explores the factors influencing users’ perceptions and their willingness to adopt these modes, providing insights into tailored security measures that can promote acceptance. To achieve the objective, 667 online survey questionnaire responses were collected across Pakistan. Descriptive statistics showed that users perceive higher crime risks and more reluctance to use the autonomous modes of ride-pooling and public bus services compared to conventional ones. Further analysis using random parameters ordered probit models suggested that users’ socio-demographic characteristics, prior experience of whether having witnessed a criminal activity, absence of a driver, security measures, and travel attributes affect their perceived risks of crime likelihood, victimization, and willingness to utilize the autonomous modes of ride-pooling and public bus services.