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<p>While weather conditions are recognized as critical factors influencing global transport efficiency, empirical research examining their micro-level impact on port operations remains scarce. We leverage a unique and high-fidelity dataset encompassing 27,866 vessel calls at Tangshan Port, the world’s third-largest. Distinct from prior studies, we analyse exclusive, non-public internal operational logs precisely matched with proprietary weather observations recorded by on-site maritime stations. Crucially, both datasets are at an hourly-level granularity, to investigate how regular, high-frequency weather fluctuations affect port operational efficiency. Grounded in the Socio-Technical Systems theory, our multi-dimensional analyses reveal that meteorological volatility significantly affects vessel stay duration. Specifically, wind speed, wave height, and precipitation consistently prolong stay duration by inducing mechanical instability and hazardous operational conditions. In contrast, visibility shows a negligible effect, suggesting that advanced navigation technologies effectively buffer visual constraints. Furthermore, once seasonality is filtered out, heat stress significantly impairs operational productivity. These findings demonstrate the substantial value of integrating high-frequency environmental data into refined maritime management. By providing a detailed understanding of weather-driven disruptions, this research offers actionable insights for port scheduling optimisation and proactive climate adaptation strategies for global maritime hubs.</p>

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Impact of weather conditions on port efficiency: evidence from Tangshan Port

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Yuanxu Li,
  • Xin Tian,
  • Zhaoxu Lu,
  • Junfeng Wu

摘要

While weather conditions are recognized as critical factors influencing global transport efficiency, empirical research examining their micro-level impact on port operations remains scarce. We leverage a unique and high-fidelity dataset encompassing 27,866 vessel calls at Tangshan Port, the world’s third-largest. Distinct from prior studies, we analyse exclusive, non-public internal operational logs precisely matched with proprietary weather observations recorded by on-site maritime stations. Crucially, both datasets are at an hourly-level granularity, to investigate how regular, high-frequency weather fluctuations affect port operational efficiency. Grounded in the Socio-Technical Systems theory, our multi-dimensional analyses reveal that meteorological volatility significantly affects vessel stay duration. Specifically, wind speed, wave height, and precipitation consistently prolong stay duration by inducing mechanical instability and hazardous operational conditions. In contrast, visibility shows a negligible effect, suggesting that advanced navigation technologies effectively buffer visual constraints. Furthermore, once seasonality is filtered out, heat stress significantly impairs operational productivity. These findings demonstrate the substantial value of integrating high-frequency environmental data into refined maritime management. By providing a detailed understanding of weather-driven disruptions, this research offers actionable insights for port scheduling optimisation and proactive climate adaptation strategies for global maritime hubs.