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<p>As artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly permeates international business (IB), it raises two critical questions for IB research: (1) How does AI reshape the external environment for firm internationalization? and (2) How do firms adapt their internationalization strategies within this AI-transformed landscape? To address the first question, we argue that the AI era is characterized by the coexistence of multiple AI ecosystems—each rooted in a country’s national AI sectoral system, yet globally interconnected through participants’ across-ecosystem activities. To address the second question, we propose multihoming—firms operating simultaneously across multiple AI ecosystems—as a strategy of internationalization in this new context. We identify three distinctive features of this multihoming perspective and discuss how it advances our understanding of firm internationalization while extending existing IB theories.</p>

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Multihoming: an internationalization strategy in a world of artificial intelligence ecosystems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • Shihao Zhou,
  • Shaoqin Tang,
  • Daitian Li,
  • Tony W. Tong

摘要

As artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly permeates international business (IB), it raises two critical questions for IB research: (1) How does AI reshape the external environment for firm internationalization? and (2) How do firms adapt their internationalization strategies within this AI-transformed landscape? To address the first question, we argue that the AI era is characterized by the coexistence of multiple AI ecosystems—each rooted in a country’s national AI sectoral system, yet globally interconnected through participants’ across-ecosystem activities. To address the second question, we propose multihoming—firms operating simultaneously across multiple AI ecosystems—as a strategy of internationalization in this new context. We identify three distinctive features of this multihoming perspective and discuss how it advances our understanding of firm internationalization while extending existing IB theories.