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<p>This paper investigates the changes in the efficiency of UK banks before, during, and after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 (GFC). Using the Data Envelopment Analysis Window Approach (DEA-W), seventeen overlapping windows were created based on a three-year window timeframe. These windows cover three sub-periods: before the GFC (1999–2006), during the GFC (2007–2009), and after the GFC (2010–2017). The data was gathered from the published annual reports of 33 UK banks between 1999 and 2017. The bank sample was divided into three sub-samples (the Big 4 banks, large banks, and small banks). Then, efficiency scores were calculated for each window, applying three inputs (loans, interest expense, and operating expense) and three outputs (deposits, interest income, and total income). The findings showed a gradual increase in efficiency from W1 to W8, followed by a decline to about 72% in W12. A recovery was observed from W13 (2011–2013) onwards, with efficiency scores reaching 79% in W17, although this remained below the levels recorded in W1. Small banks consistently outperformed both the Big 4 and large banks from W1 to W14. However, in the later windows (W15-W17), large banks demonstrated the highest efficiency levels, surpassing the other bank groups.</p>

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The efficiency of UK banks before, during, and after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008: data envelopment analysis (window approach)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Taha Alsadi

摘要

This paper investigates the changes in the efficiency of UK banks before, during, and after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 (GFC). Using the Data Envelopment Analysis Window Approach (DEA-W), seventeen overlapping windows were created based on a three-year window timeframe. These windows cover three sub-periods: before the GFC (1999–2006), during the GFC (2007–2009), and after the GFC (2010–2017). The data was gathered from the published annual reports of 33 UK banks between 1999 and 2017. The bank sample was divided into three sub-samples (the Big 4 banks, large banks, and small banks). Then, efficiency scores were calculated for each window, applying three inputs (loans, interest expense, and operating expense) and three outputs (deposits, interest income, and total income). The findings showed a gradual increase in efficiency from W1 to W8, followed by a decline to about 72% in W12. A recovery was observed from W13 (2011–2013) onwards, with efficiency scores reaching 79% in W17, although this remained below the levels recorded in W1. Small banks consistently outperformed both the Big 4 and large banks from W1 to W14. However, in the later windows (W15-W17), large banks demonstrated the highest efficiency levels, surpassing the other bank groups.