<p>Environmental scholars, activists, and media have openly condemned the widespread political failure to enact ambitious, sustainable measures to mitigate climate change. This article reviews a proliferating empirical literature that examines whether women’s underrepresentation in climate policy—and the lack of gendered considerations more broadly—could help explain this failure. Three main questions arise from this work: Do male and female policy actors differ in their climate policy preferences? Do higher shares of female representatives lead to better climate policy outputs and outcomes? How do notions of “gender” influence climate policy framings? The results confirm the importance of gender in climate change governance. However, the aggregate findings of this research, which draw on a diverse range of methods and epistemologies, suggest that gender’s relationship to climate policy is dynamic, and highly contingent on cultural, economic, and institutional settings. This review points to knowledge gaps and methodological shortcomings when accounting for mechanisms as well as an outsized focus on parliamentary arenas and the global North, and concludes by outlining promising directions for future research.</p>