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<p>Neuromorphic bionic eyes promise advanced embodied intelligence, yet current systems cannot simultaneously achieve large-scale pixel integration, high sensitivity and long-range, low-aberration imaging. Here we report a flexible artificial retina based on InN<i>ₓ</i> waveguide-coupled photodetectors, where a vertical one-dimensional pixel architecture—analogous to the human retina—resolves the trade-off between photodetection efficiency, pixel miniaturization and operational reliability. The device integrates 7.84 × 10<sup>6</sup> pixels cm<sup>−2</sup> (7,000 pixels per inch), one order above human retinal density, and achieves a detectivity of 2.17 × 10<sup>14</sup> jones. We further demonstrate a depth-of-field-tunable bionic eye enabling high-quality three-dimensional spatial imaging and motion tracking, with coordinated aberration compensation providing a 110° field of view and reducing field curvature by 45.7%. In-sensor signal processing and dynamic focus adaptation support denoising-based recognition and 96.1% trajectory-reconstruction accuracy. These capabilities advance bio-inspired vision systems for next-generation embodied intelligence.</p>

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A neuromorphic bionic eye with ultradense waveguide-coupled pixels for depth-tunable 3D vision

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Pei-Yu Huang,
  • Biyi Jiang,
  • Jun-Sen Gao,
  • Wen-Bo Li,
  • Dong Li,
  • Lin-Qing Yue,
  • Mengwei Si,
  • Mingyu Li,
  • Liang Zhen,
  • Feichi Zhou,
  • Cheng-Yan Xu,
  • Jing-Kai Qin

摘要

Neuromorphic bionic eyes promise advanced embodied intelligence, yet current systems cannot simultaneously achieve large-scale pixel integration, high sensitivity and long-range, low-aberration imaging. Here we report a flexible artificial retina based on InNₓ waveguide-coupled photodetectors, where a vertical one-dimensional pixel architecture—analogous to the human retina—resolves the trade-off between photodetection efficiency, pixel miniaturization and operational reliability. The device integrates 7.84 × 106 pixels cm−2 (7,000 pixels per inch), one order above human retinal density, and achieves a detectivity of 2.17 × 1014 jones. We further demonstrate a depth-of-field-tunable bionic eye enabling high-quality three-dimensional spatial imaging and motion tracking, with coordinated aberration compensation providing a 110° field of view and reducing field curvature by 45.7%. In-sensor signal processing and dynamic focus adaptation support denoising-based recognition and 96.1% trajectory-reconstruction accuracy. These capabilities advance bio-inspired vision systems for next-generation embodied intelligence.