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<p>Chronic cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic diseases affect billions of people worldwide, yet conventional tethered or battery-powered implants are constrained by bulk, infection risk and finite lifespans that necessitate surgical replacement. Here we examine recent advances in wireless and battery-free implantable sensors, spanning clinical motivations, device architectures, wireless communication strategies, energy solutions and representative perspectives. We discuss how tailored encapsulation and fixation, application-specific sampling strategies, and multimodal transduction pathways enable stable biointerfaces and high-fidelity physiological monitoring. We show that wireless telemetry has evolved from passive backscatter to hybrid active–passive schemes, enabling higher bandwidth, deeper implantation and improved signal robustness. We further summarize wireless power transfer and in-body energy-harvesting approaches that support sustainable device operation. We conclude by identifying key technical and translational challenges and outlining emerging directions towards clinically translatable, autonomous, wireless and battery-free bioelectronic systems.</p>

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Wireless and battery-free implantable sensing technologies for translatable bioelectronics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Xiangchun Meng,
  • Xiao Xiao,
  • Yong Hyun Kwon,
  • Yoojin Park,
  • Yeong Joo Jo,
  • Sang-Woo Kim

摘要

Chronic cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic diseases affect billions of people worldwide, yet conventional tethered or battery-powered implants are constrained by bulk, infection risk and finite lifespans that necessitate surgical replacement. Here we examine recent advances in wireless and battery-free implantable sensors, spanning clinical motivations, device architectures, wireless communication strategies, energy solutions and representative perspectives. We discuss how tailored encapsulation and fixation, application-specific sampling strategies, and multimodal transduction pathways enable stable biointerfaces and high-fidelity physiological monitoring. We show that wireless telemetry has evolved from passive backscatter to hybrid active–passive schemes, enabling higher bandwidth, deeper implantation and improved signal robustness. We further summarize wireless power transfer and in-body energy-harvesting approaches that support sustainable device operation. We conclude by identifying key technical and translational challenges and outlining emerging directions towards clinically translatable, autonomous, wireless and battery-free bioelectronic systems.