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<p>The ability to perceive three-dimensional spatial positions is critical for smart human–machine interaction in immersive environments such as the metaverse. Conventional position sensors are typically limited to detecting lateral movements and cannot capture vertical displacement, restricting the richness of user input. Here we introduce a body-induced electroluminescence device and use it to realize a three-dimensional spatial position sensing system, inspired by caterpillars’ ability to sense surrounding electric fields. This system detects finger positions both on the device surface and above it, whereas the underlying electroluminescence mechanism is characterized to explain its optoelectronic behaviour. We further demonstrate the three-dimensional spatial position sensing system in diverse applications, including non-contact keyboards, remote-control interfaces and virtual reality systems, providing a versatile platform that enhances user experience and offers a new route for advancing human–machine interaction technologies.</p>

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Body-induced electroluminescence for bio-inspired 3D spatial position perception

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Kun Wang,
  • Shaochong Wu,
  • Qi Chen,
  • Jiawen Qiu,
  • Dengao Li,
  • Zhiqiang Liu,
  • Chaoxing Wu

摘要

The ability to perceive three-dimensional spatial positions is critical for smart human–machine interaction in immersive environments such as the metaverse. Conventional position sensors are typically limited to detecting lateral movements and cannot capture vertical displacement, restricting the richness of user input. Here we introduce a body-induced electroluminescence device and use it to realize a three-dimensional spatial position sensing system, inspired by caterpillars’ ability to sense surrounding electric fields. This system detects finger positions both on the device surface and above it, whereas the underlying electroluminescence mechanism is characterized to explain its optoelectronic behaviour. We further demonstrate the three-dimensional spatial position sensing system in diverse applications, including non-contact keyboards, remote-control interfaces and virtual reality systems, providing a versatile platform that enhances user experience and offers a new route for advancing human–machine interaction technologies.