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<p>The Belt and Road Initiative promotes international cooperation and economic growth across Eurasia but poses challenges to sustainable development, especially in food, energy, and water security. Here, we use a national-scale Bayesian network model and analyze food-energy-water nexus interactions across 39 Eurasian countries. Our findings identify that the food subsystem, particularly food consumption, is the most sensitive component within resource subsystems: food consumption has the strongest interaction in 69% of countries, and the food subsystem is the dominant resource subsystem in 46% of countries. Further, shifting crop types and optimizing planting structures are more effective strategies to manage the food-energy-water tradeoff than modifying energy systems. Socioeconomic factors have a greater impact on resource security than natural factors. However, uneven benefits may exacerbate regional inequality. International trade acts both as a source of vulnerability and a means to compensate for resource deficits. Our findings offer a comprehensive perspective and support strategic planning for integrated resource governance in Eurasia.</p>

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Sustainable trio for food, energy, and water security in Eurasia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Yaxin Shi,
  • Yao Wang,
  • Suning Liu,
  • Bellie Sivakumar,
  • Venkat Lakshmi,
  • Yi Zheng,
  • Liguang Jiang,
  • Shengzhi Huang,
  • Tao Tang,
  • Xuezhi Tan,
  • Zhaoqiang Zhou,
  • Ji Chen,
  • Haiyun Shi

摘要

The Belt and Road Initiative promotes international cooperation and economic growth across Eurasia but poses challenges to sustainable development, especially in food, energy, and water security. Here, we use a national-scale Bayesian network model and analyze food-energy-water nexus interactions across 39 Eurasian countries. Our findings identify that the food subsystem, particularly food consumption, is the most sensitive component within resource subsystems: food consumption has the strongest interaction in 69% of countries, and the food subsystem is the dominant resource subsystem in 46% of countries. Further, shifting crop types and optimizing planting structures are more effective strategies to manage the food-energy-water tradeoff than modifying energy systems. Socioeconomic factors have a greater impact on resource security than natural factors. However, uneven benefits may exacerbate regional inequality. International trade acts both as a source of vulnerability and a means to compensate for resource deficits. Our findings offer a comprehensive perspective and support strategic planning for integrated resource governance in Eurasia.