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<p>High-voltage lithium metal batteries hold the promise of higher energy density; however, they pose significant challenges for electrolytes, particularly concerning high-voltage stability and compatibility with lithium metal. Ionic liquids offer potential solutions due to their unique properties, but their high viscosity limits their applications. Although diluents like 1,2-dimethoxyethane have been explored to reduce viscosity, they are unstable under high-voltage conditions. In this work, we investigated the structural design of ionic liquid cations and examined how different cations influence both solvation structure and performance with a fluorinated diluent. We show that a highly fluorinated cation boosts the electrolyte’s oxidative stability through interactions with anions and diluents, enabling stable cycling in 4.5 V Li/NMC cells—outperforming non-fluorinated counterparts. By enhancing oxidative stability and interfacial properties through fluorination, we demonstrate a viable strategy to overcome the limitations of traditional ionic liquid electrolytes, potentially extending beyond this study to inspire further electrolyte design innovations.</p>

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Hybrid fluorinated ionic liquid electrolyte for high-voltage lithium metal batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Qian Liu,
  • Qijia Zhu,
  • Wei Jiang,
  • Jiayi Xu,
  • Yuzi Liu,
  • Zhenzhen Yang,
  • Cong Liu,
  • Zhengcheng Zhang

摘要

High-voltage lithium metal batteries hold the promise of higher energy density; however, they pose significant challenges for electrolytes, particularly concerning high-voltage stability and compatibility with lithium metal. Ionic liquids offer potential solutions due to their unique properties, but their high viscosity limits their applications. Although diluents like 1,2-dimethoxyethane have been explored to reduce viscosity, they are unstable under high-voltage conditions. In this work, we investigated the structural design of ionic liquid cations and examined how different cations influence both solvation structure and performance with a fluorinated diluent. We show that a highly fluorinated cation boosts the electrolyte’s oxidative stability through interactions with anions and diluents, enabling stable cycling in 4.5 V Li/NMC cells—outperforming non-fluorinated counterparts. By enhancing oxidative stability and interfacial properties through fluorination, we demonstrate a viable strategy to overcome the limitations of traditional ionic liquid electrolytes, potentially extending beyond this study to inspire further electrolyte design innovations.