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<p>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves worldwide; however, vaccine uptake remains low in Europe. This cross-sectional study aimed to understand whether Belgian and Dutch farmers’ risk perception and vaccine confidence attitudes affect the intention to vaccinate calves against BRD. A BRD risk perception scale was developed to measure farmers’ perceived likelihood, perceived severity, and perceived susceptibility of BRD infection in their calves. A confidence scale was developed to measure perceived harm of the vaccine and trust in veterinarians as the vaccine provider. These scales were then included in an online survey, which was completed by 113 dairy farmers in Belgium and the Netherlands. A partial least squares structural equation model was used to assess the scales, which indicated that they had acceptable validity and reliability. Then, qualitative comparative analysis was run to identify the attitudinal conditions that always lead to the intention to vaccinate, or not vaccinate, calves for BRD. There were three different attitudinal combinations - i.e., specific configurations of risk perception and vaccine confidence attitudes - that led to the intention to vaccinate calves, and two combinations that led to the intention not to vaccinate calves. The presence of a single attitudinal condition was not sufficient to lead to the intention to vaccinate. This suggests that increasing vaccine uptake on farms would require interventions which target multiple attitudes at once. Additionally, interventions would need tailoring to specific attitudinal configurations. Our vaccine attitude scales could be used to identify the target attitudes for interventions with individual farmers.</p>

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Perceived risk and vaccine confidence as drivers for vaccination of calves against bovine respiratory disease: a configurational approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Charlotte Doidge,
  • Jade Bokma,
  • Noëlle ten Brinke,
  • Inge Santman-Berends,
  • Anouk Veldhuis,
  • Virginia Sherwin,
  • Gerdien van Schaik,
  • Jasmeet Kaler

摘要

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves worldwide; however, vaccine uptake remains low in Europe. This cross-sectional study aimed to understand whether Belgian and Dutch farmers’ risk perception and vaccine confidence attitudes affect the intention to vaccinate calves against BRD. A BRD risk perception scale was developed to measure farmers’ perceived likelihood, perceived severity, and perceived susceptibility of BRD infection in their calves. A confidence scale was developed to measure perceived harm of the vaccine and trust in veterinarians as the vaccine provider. These scales were then included in an online survey, which was completed by 113 dairy farmers in Belgium and the Netherlands. A partial least squares structural equation model was used to assess the scales, which indicated that they had acceptable validity and reliability. Then, qualitative comparative analysis was run to identify the attitudinal conditions that always lead to the intention to vaccinate, or not vaccinate, calves for BRD. There were three different attitudinal combinations - i.e., specific configurations of risk perception and vaccine confidence attitudes - that led to the intention to vaccinate calves, and two combinations that led to the intention not to vaccinate calves. The presence of a single attitudinal condition was not sufficient to lead to the intention to vaccinate. This suggests that increasing vaccine uptake on farms would require interventions which target multiple attitudes at once. Additionally, interventions would need tailoring to specific attitudinal configurations. Our vaccine attitude scales could be used to identify the target attitudes for interventions with individual farmers.