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<p>Classical swine fever (CSF) remains endemic in the non-free zone (NFZ) of Brazil, posing a persistent threat to the country’s swine industry. Understanding the characteristics and the pathogenesis of endemic CSF virus (CSFV) in the NFZ is crucial for developing effective control and eradication strategies. This study provides a comprehensive molecular and pathological characterization of CSFV strains responsible for outbreaks in the northeastern states of Ceará and Piauí in the NFZ between 2018 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length E2 and whole genome sequences confirmed that all isolates belonged to a distinct clade of CSFV sub-genotype 1.5, indicating ongoing viral evolution. When six weaned piglets were intranasally inoculated with CSFV Brazil 2019-0571, a representative isolate, they developed mild clinical signs and lesions. Despite mild clinical signs, the piglets developed viremia and shed virus throughout the study. At the conclusion of the study, three pigs had seroconverted and developed neutralizing antibodies. These findings suggest that the circulating CSFV sub-genotype 1.5 strains in the NFZ in Brazil are of low virulence, emphasizing the need for a continuous, multi-pronged approach including clinical, serological, and virological surveillance for the effective control and eradication of CSF in Brazil.</p>

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Characterization of classical swine fever virus responsible for 2018-2023 outbreaks in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Erin Robert,
  • Kalhari Goonewardene,
  • Orie Hochman,
  • Chukwunonso Onyilagha,
  • Ian El Kanoa,
  • Jordan Rempel,
  • Mathew Fisher,
  • Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan,
  • Dustin Maydaniuk,
  • Carissa Embury-Hyatt,
  • Estella Moffat,
  • Katherine Handel,
  • Oliver Lung,
  • Anselmo Vasconcelos Rivetti Jr,
  • Antônio Augusto Fonseca Jr,
  • Lia Treptow Coswig,
  • Guilherme Zaha Takeda,
  • Iracelma Julião Arruda,
  • José Amorim Sobreira Neto,
  • Karoliny Mendonça Cunha Nunes,
  • Márcio Chaves Fontenele,
  • Marcelo Fernandes Camargos,
  • Aruna Ambagala

摘要

Classical swine fever (CSF) remains endemic in the non-free zone (NFZ) of Brazil, posing a persistent threat to the country’s swine industry. Understanding the characteristics and the pathogenesis of endemic CSF virus (CSFV) in the NFZ is crucial for developing effective control and eradication strategies. This study provides a comprehensive molecular and pathological characterization of CSFV strains responsible for outbreaks in the northeastern states of Ceará and Piauí in the NFZ between 2018 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length E2 and whole genome sequences confirmed that all isolates belonged to a distinct clade of CSFV sub-genotype 1.5, indicating ongoing viral evolution. When six weaned piglets were intranasally inoculated with CSFV Brazil 2019-0571, a representative isolate, they developed mild clinical signs and lesions. Despite mild clinical signs, the piglets developed viremia and shed virus throughout the study. At the conclusion of the study, three pigs had seroconverted and developed neutralizing antibodies. These findings suggest that the circulating CSFV sub-genotype 1.5 strains in the NFZ in Brazil are of low virulence, emphasizing the need for a continuous, multi-pronged approach including clinical, serological, and virological surveillance for the effective control and eradication of CSF in Brazil.