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<p>Besides primary emissions, transport and chemical production of particles in the atmosphere are crucial for both air quality and climate. We performed continuous measurements of meteorological conditions, concentrations of trace gases, oxidants and condensable vapors as well as basic characteristics of clusters, ions and aerosol particles in Hyytiälä (a forestry site), Finland, and Beijing (an urban site), China, from 2018 to 2022. Regarding air pollution and as sources of climate-active constituents, Hyytiälä and Beijing represent contrasting locations, motivating a detailed comparison between the two locations. We show our main findings on such comparison for selected variables, and over different time scales. Our results provide strong evidence that NPF is associated with sulphuric acid and highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) in Hyytiälä, while in Beijing NPF is associated with sulphuric acid dimers indicative of sulfuric acid-base (ammonia/amines) clustering. The median particle growth rates were quite similar at the two sites (4–6 nm/h), although their dependence on particle size differed. Our results demonstrate the importance of continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observations and illustrate that we can learn much by comparing such measurements between two sites with different emission and pollution characteristics.</p>

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Understanding atmospheric processes: insights from the comparison between Beijing and Hyytiälä

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Markku Kulmala,
  • Du Wei,
  • Xinran Zhang,
  • Tinghan Zhang,
  • Men Xia,
  • Yuzheng Wang,
  • Zehao Zou,
  • Feixue Zheng,
  • Yusheng Zhang,
  • Chen Yang,
  • Jin Wu,
  • Yiran Li,
  • Qiaozhi Zha,
  • Chao Yan,
  • Weihang Feng,
  • Zongcheng Wang,
  • Chenjie Hua,
  • Jiali Xie,
  • Wei Ma,
  • Yishuo Guo,
  • Xin Chen,
  • Tingyu Liu,
  • Jinwen Li,
  • Hongyu Pang,
  • Guanwei Zhao,
  • Kaiyun Chen,
  • Zhixin Zhao,
  • Wenxin Zhong,
  • Shanshan Gao,
  • Wenjun Zhang,
  • Qi Yuan,
  • Lu Qi,
  • Tuukka Petäjä,
  • Nina Sarnela,
  • Ilona Ylivinkka,
  • Diego Aliaga,
  • Runlong Cai,
  • Myriam Agro,
  • Lauri Ahonen,
  • Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto,
  • Santeri Tuovinen,
  • Jing Cai,
  • Joni Kujansuu,
  • Giancarlo Ciarelli,
  • Yafang Cheng,
  • Aijun Ding,
  • Kaspar Dällenbach,
  • Lubna Dada,
  • Douglas Worsnop,
  • Federico Bianchi,
  • Jingkun Jiang,
  • Yongchun Liu,
  • Veli-Matti Kerminen,
  • Tom Kokkonen

摘要

Besides primary emissions, transport and chemical production of particles in the atmosphere are crucial for both air quality and climate. We performed continuous measurements of meteorological conditions, concentrations of trace gases, oxidants and condensable vapors as well as basic characteristics of clusters, ions and aerosol particles in Hyytiälä (a forestry site), Finland, and Beijing (an urban site), China, from 2018 to 2022. Regarding air pollution and as sources of climate-active constituents, Hyytiälä and Beijing represent contrasting locations, motivating a detailed comparison between the two locations. We show our main findings on such comparison for selected variables, and over different time scales. Our results provide strong evidence that NPF is associated with sulphuric acid and highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) in Hyytiälä, while in Beijing NPF is associated with sulphuric acid dimers indicative of sulfuric acid-base (ammonia/amines) clustering. The median particle growth rates were quite similar at the two sites (4–6 nm/h), although their dependence on particle size differed. Our results demonstrate the importance of continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observations and illustrate that we can learn much by comparing such measurements between two sites with different emission and pollution characteristics.