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<p>Cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade and engineered T cell therapies, have revolutionized cancer treatment but face challenges from cancer-specific heterogeneity, tumor-immune interaction complexity, age-associated immune alteration and interspecies limitations. Advances in organoid technologies, using the patient-derived, self-organizing three-dimensional tissues, provide physiologically relevant platforms to model tumor-immune interactions and evaluate therapies in a cancer- and patient-specific manner. This platform has significantly enhanced the predictive power of preclinical research and facilitated more effective immunotherapy development.</p>

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Organoid: a promising solution to current challenges in cancer immunotherapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Xiaowo Kang,
  • Sriya K. Cheemalamarri,
  • Qian Yin

摘要

Cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade and engineered T cell therapies, have revolutionized cancer treatment but face challenges from cancer-specific heterogeneity, tumor-immune interaction complexity, age-associated immune alteration and interspecies limitations. Advances in organoid technologies, using the patient-derived, self-organizing three-dimensional tissues, provide physiologically relevant platforms to model tumor-immune interactions and evaluate therapies in a cancer- and patient-specific manner. This platform has significantly enhanced the predictive power of preclinical research and facilitated more effective immunotherapy development.