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<p>Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, is a globally important wheat disease reducing yield and grain quality. The pathogen produces mycotoxins, including DON (deoxynivalenol), 3ADON (3-acetyl DON), 15ADON (15-acetyl DON), and NIV (nivalenol), which threaten food and feed safety. During the past 15 years, surveillance has identified strains producing novel trichothecenes, 3ANX (7-α hydroxy,15-deacetylcalonectrin) and NX (7-α hydroxy, 3,15-dideacetylcalonectrin), which show increased virulence in DON-producing isolates. This study investigated the effects of 15ADON/3ANX chemotype on wheat and <i>F. graminearum</i> proteomes to identify proteins and pathways responsive to this novel chemotype. We defined a core wheat proteome across all strains (15ADON- and 15ADON/3ANX-producing), and control samples to explore changes in proteins associated with defense response, grain development, and photosynthesis. Conversely, we identified 32 wheat proteins exclusively produced in the presence of 15ADON/3ANX strains, providing chemotype-specific host responses. From the fungal perspective, 119 proteins were exclusive to the 15ADON/3ANX strains, including those associated with virulence and mycotoxin production. Strain-specific analyses further showed reduced wheat mycotoxin-detoxification mechanisms upon exposure to two 15ADON/3ANX strains, as well as a novel connection between elevated ergosterol biosynthesis and 15ADON/3ANX-producing strains. Together, our study characterizes distinct protein production profiles in the host and pathogen, demonstrating how 3ANX-related molecular changes influence fungal virulence and host defense responses.</p>

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Mycotoxin-driven proteome remodeling reveals limited activation of Triticum aestivum responses to emerging chemotypes integrated with fungal modulation of ergosterols

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Seyedehsanaz Ramezanpour,
  • Nasim Alijanimamaghani,
  • Jason A. McAlister,
  • David Hooker,
  • Jennifer Geddes-McAlister

摘要

Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a globally important wheat disease reducing yield and grain quality. The pathogen produces mycotoxins, including DON (deoxynivalenol), 3ADON (3-acetyl DON), 15ADON (15-acetyl DON), and NIV (nivalenol), which threaten food and feed safety. During the past 15 years, surveillance has identified strains producing novel trichothecenes, 3ANX (7-α hydroxy,15-deacetylcalonectrin) and NX (7-α hydroxy, 3,15-dideacetylcalonectrin), which show increased virulence in DON-producing isolates. This study investigated the effects of 15ADON/3ANX chemotype on wheat and F. graminearum proteomes to identify proteins and pathways responsive to this novel chemotype. We defined a core wheat proteome across all strains (15ADON- and 15ADON/3ANX-producing), and control samples to explore changes in proteins associated with defense response, grain development, and photosynthesis. Conversely, we identified 32 wheat proteins exclusively produced in the presence of 15ADON/3ANX strains, providing chemotype-specific host responses. From the fungal perspective, 119 proteins were exclusive to the 15ADON/3ANX strains, including those associated with virulence and mycotoxin production. Strain-specific analyses further showed reduced wheat mycotoxin-detoxification mechanisms upon exposure to two 15ADON/3ANX strains, as well as a novel connection between elevated ergosterol biosynthesis and 15ADON/3ANX-producing strains. Together, our study characterizes distinct protein production profiles in the host and pathogen, demonstrating how 3ANX-related molecular changes influence fungal virulence and host defense responses.