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<p>Plant leaves rely on veins to supply and export water, photoassimilates, and signals. Concomitantly, veins provide structural stability, enabling leaves to maximize light capture. While both vein patterns and leaf shapes are diverse, it remains unclear whether transport or mechanical support primarily shapes vein morphology. Here, we analyze midvein structure in 147 species representing a diverse set of habitats, morphologies, and sizes, with midrib lengths ranging from 30 to 307 mm. In addition to confirming that veins generally widen from tip to base, we identify a link between leaf shape and vein diameter. To rationalize the data, we establish models that calculate fluid transport efficiency and structural stability under gravitational loads, which allow us to predict the optimal vein structure depending on its prioritizing function. We find that translocation governs vein architecture near the tip, while the basal vein provides mechanical support at the cost of sub-optimal transport efficiency.</p>

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A trade-off between transport and mechanics determines plant leaf vein architecture

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Sungdo Hong,
  • Chan Jin Park,
  • Hyun-Ah Lee,
  • Ho-Young Kim,
  • Kaare H. Jensen,
  • Keunhwan Park

摘要

Plant leaves rely on veins to supply and export water, photoassimilates, and signals. Concomitantly, veins provide structural stability, enabling leaves to maximize light capture. While both vein patterns and leaf shapes are diverse, it remains unclear whether transport or mechanical support primarily shapes vein morphology. Here, we analyze midvein structure in 147 species representing a diverse set of habitats, morphologies, and sizes, with midrib lengths ranging from 30 to 307 mm. In addition to confirming that veins generally widen from tip to base, we identify a link between leaf shape and vein diameter. To rationalize the data, we establish models that calculate fluid transport efficiency and structural stability under gravitational loads, which allow us to predict the optimal vein structure depending on its prioritizing function. We find that translocation governs vein architecture near the tip, while the basal vein provides mechanical support at the cost of sub-optimal transport efficiency.