Real-world clinical and economic evaluation of remote programming for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease

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2026年6月12日

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Yang Lu,
Yida Sun,
Huiling Yu,
Bozhi Ma,
Chunhua Hu,
Weiming Wang,
Changqing Jiang,
Xiaodong Cai,
Zhiqiang Cui,
Liang Chen,
Wei Chen,
Ling Chen,
Zhijuan Chen,
Xin Geng,
Yi Guo,
Wei Huang,
Weiguo Li,
Dianyou Li,
Zhipei Ling,
Zhanhua Liang,
Siquang Liang,
Fangang Meng,
Yu Ma,
Chaoshi Niu,
Faying Qi,
Haibo Ren,
Peng Sun,
Yingqun Tao,
Xi Wu,
Wei Wang,
Xuelian Wang,
Xin Xu,
Shujun Xu,
Anchao Yang,
Zhiquan Yang,
Chunhui Yang,
Zhiqiang Yi,
Wenbin Zhang,
Jie Zhang,
Liangwen Zhang,
Junming Zhu,
Ran Zeng,
Jianguo Zhang,
Dabo Guan,
Luming Li

摘要

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for Parkinson’s disease, yet conventional onsite programming mandates frequent travel to specialized centres, imposing substantial burdens on patients. Here we present a large real-world analysis of remote programming (RP) for DBS in China, drawing on 20,383 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 42,163 RP sessions (2012–2024). RP achieves comparable satisfaction and effectiveness to onsite programming while reducing the healthcare access inequality index by 30%. These access gains translate into disproportionate economic benefits for the most vulnerable groups, with cost savings two to ten times greater among low-income, remote and advanced-disease populations. Integrated clinical–labour–economy modelling projects annual direct economic benefits of ¥1.09 billion from reduced domestic medical tourism and ¥8.15 billion from labour-cost savings, with cumulative benefits of ¥115–270 billion by 2050 (3.9–9.2% of China’s 2024 basic medical insurance fund). These findings suggest that RP could be a clinically equivalent, more equitable and economically advantageous approach for postoperative DBS management worldwide.