Self-reported side effects of semaglutide and tirzepatide in online communities
摘要
Social media can reveal patient experiences with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) that extend beyond clinical trial data. We analysed 410,198 Reddit posts (May 2019–June 2025) mentioning semaglutide or tirzepatide. A total of 67,008 users self-reported using these medications, and 43.5% described at least one side effect. Gastrointestinal symptoms predominated, including nausea (36.9%), fatigue (16.7%), vomiting (16.3%), constipation (15.3%) and diarrhoea (12.6%). Notably, reproductive symptoms (for example, menstrual irregularities) and temperature-related complaints (for example, chills and hot flushes) emerged as unrecognized potential effects. These findings highlight patient concerns not well captured in current labelling or trials. Large-scale social media analysis can complement traditional pharmacovigilance by detecting emerging safety signals and expanding understanding of the real-world safety profile of GLP-1 RAs.