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<p>District heating (DH) can provide commercial and domestic heating, using excess heat that would otherwise be lost. However, existing systems are heavily reliant on fossil fuels, and many fail to fully exploit abundant waste heat sources. Technological development is needed to integrate these DH systems into evolving clean energy systems to support decarbonization. In this Review, we discuss the role DH can play as a clean technology in the transition towards future climate neutral societies. DH is already widely used in Northern Europe, Russia and China but uptake is low in other territories owing to low technology awareness. DH systems under development can use heat sources such as solar heating, geothermal heat and waste heat from data centres. Technological barriers to increasing the use of renewable and excess heat from new sources such as heat pumps, power-to-X and other industrial processes need to be overcome to make DH systems cleaner. The development of future DH technologies and infrastructure should focus lowering temperatures in the grids, and smart energy systems sector integration to better facilitate the use of variable renewable electricity supply.</p>

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District heating in clean energy systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Henrik Lund,
  • Poul Alberg Østergaard,
  • Peter Sorknæs,
  • Steffen Nielsen,
  • Iva Ridjan Skov,
  • Meng Yuan,
  • Jakob Zinck Thellufsen,
  • Brian Vad Mathiesen,
  • Sally M. Benson,
  • Andrej Jentsch,
  • Xiliang Zhang,
  • Sven Werner,
  • Robin Wiltshire,
  • Bernd Möller,
  • Neven Duic

摘要

District heating (DH) can provide commercial and domestic heating, using excess heat that would otherwise be lost. However, existing systems are heavily reliant on fossil fuels, and many fail to fully exploit abundant waste heat sources. Technological development is needed to integrate these DH systems into evolving clean energy systems to support decarbonization. In this Review, we discuss the role DH can play as a clean technology in the transition towards future climate neutral societies. DH is already widely used in Northern Europe, Russia and China but uptake is low in other territories owing to low technology awareness. DH systems under development can use heat sources such as solar heating, geothermal heat and waste heat from data centres. Technological barriers to increasing the use of renewable and excess heat from new sources such as heat pumps, power-to-X and other industrial processes need to be overcome to make DH systems cleaner. The development of future DH technologies and infrastructure should focus lowering temperatures in the grids, and smart energy systems sector integration to better facilitate the use of variable renewable electricity supply.