<p>Electrochemical energy storage is one of the primary technologies for energy storage, making batteries essential in applications such as electric vehicles and energy storage stations. For the battery itself, achieving resistance to extreme temperatures is a critical objective. However, there are no battery materials or systems that can be deemed absolutely safe or performance-temperature-independent. In this Perspective, we discuss battery safety from a thermal point of view and emphasize the importance of battery thermal management. Battery thermal management ensures that electrochemical reactions occur within an optimal temperature range, suppressing side reactions and delaying or even preventing thermal runaway. This equilibrium is essential for improving battery efficiency and extending its operational lifespan. When absolute safety cannot be assured in battery materials and systems, thermal management becomes the primary barrier to battery thermal risks. However, owing to the extremely rapid rate of exothermic side reactions, the importance of fire suppression becomes evident when thermal runaway cannot be contained, leading to fire accidents. The control of heat generation, effective thermal management and robust fire suppression strategies are key to ensure battery thermal safety and will have a crucial role in the development and large-scale application of batteries.</p>