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<p>Increased generation of renewable electricity from intermittent sources is needed to support decarbonization of energy systems, but balancing the electricity grid is challenging. Energy storage — such as through battery energy-storage technologies (BESTs) — is therefore needed to store excess energy when generation is greater than demand for times when demand outpaces generation. In this Review, we describe BESTs being developed for grid-scale energy storage, including high-energy, aqueous, redox flow, high-temperature and gas batteries. Battery technologies support various power system services, including providing grid support services and preventing curtailment. Compared to widely used energy-storage technologies such as pumped hydropower storage, BESTs have advantages such as flexibility in terms of location and relatively quick deployment, which could facilitate their use in distributed energy storage. The technical requirements of BEST systems (such as response time, lifetime, round-trip efficiency, capacity and self-discharge) vary between energy-storage applications; cost and safety are important considerations across potential use cases. BESTs are increasingly deployed, so critical challenges with respect to safety,&#xa0;cost, lifetime, end-of-life management and temperature adaptability need to be addressed.</p>

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Battery technologies for grid-scale energy storage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Taoli Jiang,
  • Dongyang Shen,
  • Zuodong Zhang,
  • Hongxu Liu,
  • Guili Zhao,
  • Yidi Wang,
  • Shunxin Tan,
  • Ruihao Luo,
  • Wei Chen

摘要

Increased generation of renewable electricity from intermittent sources is needed to support decarbonization of energy systems, but balancing the electricity grid is challenging. Energy storage — such as through battery energy-storage technologies (BESTs) — is therefore needed to store excess energy when generation is greater than demand for times when demand outpaces generation. In this Review, we describe BESTs being developed for grid-scale energy storage, including high-energy, aqueous, redox flow, high-temperature and gas batteries. Battery technologies support various power system services, including providing grid support services and preventing curtailment. Compared to widely used energy-storage technologies such as pumped hydropower storage, BESTs have advantages such as flexibility in terms of location and relatively quick deployment, which could facilitate their use in distributed energy storage. The technical requirements of BEST systems (such as response time, lifetime, round-trip efficiency, capacity and self-discharge) vary between energy-storage applications; cost and safety are important considerations across potential use cases. BESTs are increasingly deployed, so critical challenges with respect to safety, cost, lifetime, end-of-life management and temperature adaptability need to be addressed.