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<p>Polymer membrane electrolysers can convert carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) into valuable products and operate efficiently using renewable electricity. However, challenges related to economic viability, scalability and long-term stability hinder their commercial deployment. In this Review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of polymer-membrane-based CO<sub>2</sub> electrolyser configurations, including anion&#xa0;exchange membranes (AEMs), proton&#xa0;exchange membranes (PEMs), bipolar membranes, porous solid electrolytes and tandem systems. The techno-economics of several CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis systems — AEMs for carbon monoxide, ethylene and ethanol, PEMs for carbon monoxide and formic acid, and an AEM-based tandem system for acetic acid — and key performance benchmarks such as current density, Faradaic efficiency and product concentration are evaluated. Single-pass conversions above 30% for carbon monoxide and 10% for ethylene are needed for the gaseous products to be economically competitive. For liquid products such as acetic acid, achieving concentrations of above 3 moles per litre is essential to minimize separation costs and enhance economic viability. Stability and scalability are essential to future commercial applications and require further development.</p>

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Techno-economics of polymer-membrane-based CO2 electrolysers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月27日

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  • Wanyu Deng,
  • Ahryeon Lee,
  • Wentao Dai,
  • Luke Cherniack,
  • Bradie S. Crandall,
  • Hefei Li,
  • Feng Jiao

摘要

Polymer membrane electrolysers can convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable products and operate efficiently using renewable electricity. However, challenges related to economic viability, scalability and long-term stability hinder their commercial deployment. In this Review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of polymer-membrane-based CO2 electrolyser configurations, including anion exchange membranes (AEMs), proton exchange membranes (PEMs), bipolar membranes, porous solid electrolytes and tandem systems. The techno-economics of several CO2 electrolysis systems — AEMs for carbon monoxide, ethylene and ethanol, PEMs for carbon monoxide and formic acid, and an AEM-based tandem system for acetic acid — and key performance benchmarks such as current density, Faradaic efficiency and product concentration are evaluated. Single-pass conversions above 30% for carbon monoxide and 10% for ethylene are needed for the gaseous products to be economically competitive. For liquid products such as acetic acid, achieving concentrations of above 3 moles per litre is essential to minimize separation costs and enhance economic viability. Stability and scalability are essential to future commercial applications and require further development.