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<p>Pacific salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus</i> spp.) and their roles in the ecosystems, cultures and economies of the Pacific Northwest face a convergence of threats, most of which began or intensified during the onset of settler colonialism in North America. This Review discusses how these threats to wild Pacific salmon and their ecosystems cause inequities for the Indigenous Peoples who rely on them. We consider four previously identified forms of equity (recognitional, procedural, distributional and contextual) and introduce an additional form of equity (epistemic) specific to the injustices perpetrated against Indigenous Peoples and their knowledge systems. We highlight how cumulative effects of factors driven by colonial mismanagement, including, among others, mixed-stock marine fisheries, climate change, invasive species, land use, pollution and aquaculture are affecting wild Pacific salmon populations, while resulting in cumulative injustices for Indigenous communities who have stewarded salmon for millennia (the Salmon Peoples). We identify opportunities for transformative justice through the governance of salmon and their ecosystems, to realize equitable conservation practices that honour ecological integrity and social justice.</p>

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Pacific salmon and cumulative injustices in Canada and the USA

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Sara E. Cannon,
  • Jared W. H. Connoy,
  • Janessa Esquible,
  • Lawrence Ignace,
  • Jonathan W. Moore,
  • Nigel C. Sainsbury,
  • Andrea J. Reid

摘要

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and their roles in the ecosystems, cultures and economies of the Pacific Northwest face a convergence of threats, most of which began or intensified during the onset of settler colonialism in North America. This Review discusses how these threats to wild Pacific salmon and their ecosystems cause inequities for the Indigenous Peoples who rely on them. We consider four previously identified forms of equity (recognitional, procedural, distributional and contextual) and introduce an additional form of equity (epistemic) specific to the injustices perpetrated against Indigenous Peoples and their knowledge systems. We highlight how cumulative effects of factors driven by colonial mismanagement, including, among others, mixed-stock marine fisheries, climate change, invasive species, land use, pollution and aquaculture are affecting wild Pacific salmon populations, while resulting in cumulative injustices for Indigenous communities who have stewarded salmon for millennia (the Salmon Peoples). We identify opportunities for transformative justice through the governance of salmon and their ecosystems, to realize equitable conservation practices that honour ecological integrity and social justice.