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<p>Regulations and public expectations are compelling the road transport sector to innovate for higher vehicle efficiency. However, a persistent gap remains between official figures and real-world energy performance. This discrepancy is often linked to idealized testing environments and behavioral “rebound effects,” where improved efficiency leads to increased travel. This study introduces the “power rebound effect,” a new premise where increased horsepower impedes the deployment of efficiency gains. Analyzing a database of 531 car models from 15 years of real-world European testing, our findings reveal a significant power rebound effect in petrol and diesel cars, though not in electric ones. Additionally, rising vehicle weight induces a rebound effect across all vehicle types. This research provides a fuller understanding of the factors shaping passenger car fuel intensity, offering crucial insights for future energy policy.</p>

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Rebound effects of power enhancement in internal combustion and electric vehicles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Kang Huang,
  • Bram van Lith,
  • Ray Galvin,
  • Feixiong Liao,
  • Franco Ruzzenenti

摘要

Regulations and public expectations are compelling the road transport sector to innovate for higher vehicle efficiency. However, a persistent gap remains between official figures and real-world energy performance. This discrepancy is often linked to idealized testing environments and behavioral “rebound effects,” where improved efficiency leads to increased travel. This study introduces the “power rebound effect,” a new premise where increased horsepower impedes the deployment of efficiency gains. Analyzing a database of 531 car models from 15 years of real-world European testing, our findings reveal a significant power rebound effect in petrol and diesel cars, though not in electric ones. Additionally, rising vehicle weight induces a rebound effect across all vehicle types. This research provides a fuller understanding of the factors shaping passenger car fuel intensity, offering crucial insights for future energy policy.