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<p>In the pursuit of more environmentally sustainable urban areas, the 15-minute city model promotes active mobility by ensuring that essential services are reachable within a short walk or bike ride from home. Yet, its actual effectiveness in reducing car use and related carbon emissions remains debated. This study presents a large-scale data-driven analysis to evaluate the impact of service proximity to homes on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Examining nearly 400 cities worldwide, we find that, within the same city, areas where services are located closer to residents produce less CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per capita from transportation. We establish a relationship between the proximity of services and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for each city. We then estimate potential emission reductions for 30 cities by optimising service locations to achieve more uniform accessibility and stronger adherence to the 15-minute paradigm. Our findings indicate that improving the proximity of services can substantially reduce transport-related urban emissions.</p>

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Proximity-based cities emit less mobility-driven CO2

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Francesco Marzolla,
  • Hygor P. M. Melo,
  • Matteo Bruno,
  • Vittorio Loreto

摘要

In the pursuit of more environmentally sustainable urban areas, the 15-minute city model promotes active mobility by ensuring that essential services are reachable within a short walk or bike ride from home. Yet, its actual effectiveness in reducing car use and related carbon emissions remains debated. This study presents a large-scale data-driven analysis to evaluate the impact of service proximity to homes on CO2 emissions. Examining nearly 400 cities worldwide, we find that, within the same city, areas where services are located closer to residents produce less CO2 emissions per capita from transportation. We establish a relationship between the proximity of services and CO2 emissions for each city. We then estimate potential emission reductions for 30 cities by optimising service locations to achieve more uniform accessibility and stronger adherence to the 15-minute paradigm. Our findings indicate that improving the proximity of services can substantially reduce transport-related urban emissions.